TN TRB Polytechnic College Lecturer Syllabus

ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING:

UNIT 1: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of Linear equations, Eigen Values and eigen vector. Calculus: Mean Value Theorems, Theorems of integral Calculus Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems. Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy's and Euler's equations, initial and boundary value problem, Partial Differential Equations and variable separable method. Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and laurent's series, Residue theorem, solution integrals. Numerical Methods: solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multistep methods for differential equations. Transform Theory: Fourier transform, Laplace transform, Z-transform.

UNIT 2: ELECTRIC CIRCUITS AND FIELDS KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient response of dc and ac network, sinusoidal steady – state analysis, resonance, ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin's Norton's and Superposition and Maximum Power Transfer theorems, three phase circuits. Gauss Theorem, electric field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions, Ampere's and Biot-Savart's laws, inductance, dielectrics, capacitance.

UNIT 3: DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals, shifting and scaling operations, linear, time-invariant and causal systems, Fourier series representation of continuous periodic signals, sampling theorem, Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.

UNIT 4: ELECTRICAL MACHINES Single phase transformer – equivalent circuit, phase diagram, tests, regulation and efficiency, three phase transformers - connections, parallel operation, autotransformer, energy conversion principles, DC machines - types, windings, generator characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors, three phase induction motors - principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and speed control, single phase induction motors, synchronous machines - performance, regulation and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications, Special Electrical machines.

UNIT 5: POWER SYSTEMS Basic power generation concepts, transmission line models and performance, cable performance insulation, corona and radio interference, distribution systems, per – unit quantities, bus impedance and admittance matrices, load flow, voltage control, power factor correction, Economic operation, symmetrical components, fault analysis.

UNIT 6: PROTECTION AND SWITCHGEAR Principle of over - current, differential and distance protection, solid state relays and digital protection, circuit breakers, system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion. High voltage generation and measurements.

UNIT 7: CONTROL SYSTEM Principle and feedback, transfer function, block diagrams, steady – state errors, Routh and Nyquist techniques, Bode plots, root loci, lag, lead and lead-leg compensation.

UNIT 8: ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS MEASUREMENTS Bridges and potentiometers, PMMC, moving iron, dynamometer and induction type instruments, measurement of voltage, current, power, energy and power factor, instruments transformers, phase, time and frequency measurement, Q-meters, Oscilloscopes, Transducers and Data acquisition systems.

UNIT 9: ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET, amplifiers - biasing. equivalent circuit and frequency response, oscillators and feedback amplifiers, operational amplifiers characteristics and applications, simple active filters, VCOs' and timers, combinational and sequential logic circuit, multiplexer, Schmitt trigger, multi Vibrators, sample and hold circuit, A/D and D/A convertors, 8085 and 8086 - microprocessor and 8051 microcontroller basics, architecture, programming and interfacing.

UNIT 10: POWER ELECTRONICS AND DRIVES Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, TRIACs, MOSFETs and IGBTs static characteristics and principles of operation, triggering circuits, phase control rectifiers, bridge converters – fully controlled and half controlled, principles of choppers and inverters, basic concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives.

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and Minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series. Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems. Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equation and variable separable method. Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy's integral theorem and integral formula, Taylor's and Laurent' series, Residue theorem, solution integrals. Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis. Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multistep methods for differential equations.

UNIT 2: NETWORKS Graphs Theory: Matrices associated with graphs; incidence, fundamental cut set and fundamental circuit matrices. Network Analysis: Nodal and mesh analysis. Network theorems: Superposition, Thevenin's, Norton's, Maximum power transfer theorems, Wye-Delta transformation. Steady state sinusoidal analysis using phasors. Linear constant coefficient differential equations; time domain analysis of simple RLC circuits, Solution of network equations using Laplace transform: frequency domain analysis of RLC circuits. 2-port network parameters: driving point and transfer functions; State equations for networks.

UNIT 3: ELECTROMAGNETICS Elements of vector calculus; Electrostatic Fields: Coulomb's Law, divergence and curl, Gauss' and Stokes' theorems; Magnetic Fields: Biot-Savat's Law, Ampere's circuital Law, Faraday's Law, Maxwell's equations, Poynting vector; Waveguides: TE and TM modes in rectangular and circular waveguides; boundary conditions; Transmission lines: characteristic impedance; impedance transformation; Smith chart; impedance matching; S parameters, pulse excitation. Fundamentals and Parameters of VHF and UHF antennas and Wave Propagation; RF and Microwave circuits and systems.

UNIT 4: ELECTRONIC DEVICES AND CIRCUITS Energy bands, Carrier transport in silicon, Generation and recombination of carriers; PN junction diode, Zener diode, Tunnel diode, BJT, JFET, MOS capacitor, MOSFET, LED, PIN and avalanche photo diode, Lasers; device technology of integrated circuits. Small signal equivalent circuits of diodes, BJTs, MOSFETs and analog CMOS. Biasing and bias stability of transistor and FET amplifiers. Rectifiers and Power Supplies; Feedback amplifiers and Oscillators, Tuned Amplifiers, Multivibrators; Operational Amplifiers and its applications; Function generators and wave-shaping circuits, 555 Timers

UNIT 5: DIGITAL CIRCUITS Boolean algebra, minimization of Boolean functions; logic gates. Combinatorial circuits: arithmetic circuits, code converters, multiplexers, decoders, PROMs and PLAs. Sequential circuits: latches and flip-flops, counters and shift-registers; ADCs, DACs. Semiconductor memories; Microprocessors (8085 and 8086) and Microcontrollers (8051 and PIC): architecture, programming, and applications.

UNIT 6: CMOS VLSI SYSTEMS MOSFET's as switches, Basic logic gates in CMOS, CMOS layers, CMOS inverter, Dynamic CMOS, Floor planning and Routing, Low power design, Reliability and testing of VLSI circuits, CMOS clocking and testing; Structural Gate Level Modeling; Switch Level Modeling; Behavioral and RTL Modeling — Multiplier, encoders, decoders, flip flops, registers; arithmetic circuits in CMOS VLSI.

UNIT 7: SIGNAL PROCESSING Definitions and properties of Laplace transform, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier series, continuous-time and discrete-time Fourier Transform, DFT and FFT, ztransform. Sampling theorem. Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) Systems: Signal transmission through LTI systems. Infinite impulse response filters; finite impulse response filters; Quantization effects and DSP architecture.

UNIT 8: CONTROL SYSTEMS Basic control system components; Open loop and closed loop systems and stability analysis of these systems. Signal flow graphs and their use in determining transfer functions of systems; transient and steady state analysis of LTI control systems and frequency response. Tools and techniques for LTI control system analysis: root loci, Routh-Hurwitz criterion, Bode and Nyquist plots. Control system compensators: elements of lead and lag compensation, elements of Proportional-Integral-Derivative control.

UNIT 9: ANALOG AND DIGITAL COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Random signals and noise theory: Amplitude, Angle and Pulse modulation and demodulation systems, super heterodyne receivers; signal-to-noise ratio; Pulse code modulation; differential pulse code modulation; digital modulation schemes: amplitude, phase and frequency shift keying schemes (ASK, PSK, FSK), Error Control Coding. Satellite Communication; Fundamentals of information theory and channel capacity theorem.

UNIT 10: COMPUTER COMMUNICATION Data Communication: OSI reference model; Modems; Error detection and Correction; Data link control and Protocols; Local Area Networks and Metropolitan Networks; Wide Area Networks; Cloud Computing: architecture, services. Mobile Communication: architecture, structure; OFDM principle; Basics of TDMA, FDMA; CDMA, GSM, GPRS and WiMax.

COMPUTER ENGINEERING

UNIT 1 : MATHEMATICS Mathematical Logic: Propositional Logic; First Order Logic. Probability: Conditional Probability; Mean, Median, Mode and Standard Deviation; Random Variables; Distributions; uniform, normal, exponential, Poisson, Binomial. Set Theory & Algebra: Sets; Relations; Functions; Groups; Partial Orders; Lattice; Boolean Algebra. Combinatorics: Permutations; Combinations; Counting; Summation; generating functions; recurrence relations; asymptotics. Linear Algebra: Algebra of matrices, determinants, systems of linear equations, Eigen values and Eigen vectors. Numerical Methods: LU decomposition for systems of linear equations; numerical solutions of non- linear algebraic equations by Secant, Bisection and Newton- Raphson Methods; Numerical integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rules. Calculus: Limit, Continuity & differentiability, Mean value Theorems, Theorems of integral Calculus, evaluation of definite & improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivatives, maxima and minima.

UNIT 2: DIGITAL LOGIC AND COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE Digital Logic: Logic functions, Minimization, Design and synthesis of combinational and sequential circuits, Hardware Description Language for combinational and sequential circuits, Fixed and floating point number representation and computer arithmetic. Computer Organization and Architecture: Machine instructions and addressing modes, ALU and data-path, Single-Cycle Datapath and Control- Multi-cycle Datapath and Control-Micro-programming and Hard-wired Control Units- Behavioral HDL Description of Systems- Exceptions Handling. Pipelining: Pipelined MIPS Data path- Pipeline Hazards: Structural, Control, Data-Hazard Detection and Resolution- Pipelining control-Exceptions Handling Memory System and I/O interfacing: Overview of SRAM and DRAM Design- Memory Hierarchy;-Cache memory design - Virtual memory-Performance issues -I/O device characteristics - Buses and bus arbitration - Processor/OS interface -DMA.

UNIT 3: DATA STRUCTURES AND ALGORITHMS Data Structures: Abstract data types, Arrays, Stacks, Queues, Linked Lists, Trees, Graph theory: Graph Traversal — Topological Sorting — Dijkstra's Algorithm — Minimal Spanning Tree — Applications — DFS — Bi-connectivity — Euler Circuits — Graph Coloring Problem. Search Structures and Priority Queues: AVL Trees — Red-Black Trees — Splay Trees — Binary Heap — Leftist Heap. Sorting: Insertion sort — Merge sort — Quick sort — Heap sort — Sorting with disks — k-way merging. Algorithms: Analysis, Asymptotic notation, Notions of space and time complexity, Worst and average case analysis; Design: Greedy approach, Dynamic programming, Divide-and-conquer, Backtracking and Branch and Bound; Asymptotic analysis (best, worst, average cases) of time and space, upper and lower bounds, Concepts of complexity classes — P, NP, NP-hard, NP-complete.

UNIT 4: SYSTEM PROGRAMMING AND OPERATING SYSTEMS System Programming: Elements of Assembly Language Programming, Pass structure of assemblers, design of single and two pass assemblers, Macros and Macro processors, Design of a macro pre-processor, Linkers: Concepts, Design of a linker, Loaders, software Tools: software tools for program development, editors, debug monitors, programming environments. Operating System: Processes, Threads, Inter-process communication, Concurrency, Synchronization, Deadlock, CPU scheduling, Memory management and virtual memory, File systems, Free-space management — Disk scheduling — Disk management — Swap-space management, I/O systems, Protection and security. Design principles of Linux and Windows 7.

UNIT 5: DATABASE SYSTEMS ER-model, Relational model: relational algebra, tuple calculus, SQL — Data definition-Queries in SQL- Updates- Views — Integrity and Security — Relational Database design — Functional dependences and Normalization for Relational Databases. Data Storage and Query Processing: Record storage and Primary file organization- Operations on Files-Heap File- Sorted Files-Hashing Techniques — Index Structure for files —B-Tree - B+Tree — Query Processing. Transaction Processing: Concurrency control- Schedule and Recoverability- Serializability and Schedules — Two Phases locking- Deadlock- Recovery Techniques — Immediate Update- Deferred Update - Shadow Paging. Design of Object oriented Data Bases.

UNIT 6: THEORY OF COMPUTATION AND COMPILER DESIGN Regular Languages and Regular Expressions - Nondeterministic Finite Automata - Kleene's Theorem. Minimal Finite Automata-Pumping Lemma for Regular Languages- Context Free Grammars and Languages. Push Down Automata. Turing Machine, Recursively enumerable Languages, Non-recursive Language, Unsolvable problems. Compiler Design: Lexical analysis, Parsing, Syntax directed translation, Runtime environments, Intermediate and target code generation, Basics of code optimization.

UNIT 7: COMPUTER NETWORKS ISO/OSI stack, LAN technologies: Ethernet, Token ring; Flow and error control techniques, Routing algorithms, Congestion control, TCP/UDP and sockets, IPv4, Application layer protocols: icmp, dns, smtp, pop, ftp, http; Basic concepts of hubs, switches, gateways, and routers. High Performance Networks: ISDN and BISDN, ATM and Frame relay, MPLS, Integrated and Differentiated Services, Optical Networks and Switching. Wireless Adhoc Networks: Operation models, Routing methods: Tabledriven and Source-initiated On Demand routing protocols, Hybrid protocols – Uni Cast routing protocol (AODV, DSR, DSDV) – Multi-Cast routing protocol (ODMRP) – Multi clustering–Power Issues. Network security – basic concepts of public key and private key cryptography, digital signature, firewalls.

UNIT 8: COMPUTER GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIA Line - Curve and Ellipse Drawing Algorithms –Two-Dimensional Geometric Transformations – Two-Dimensional Clipping and Viewing. - Three-Dimensional Object Representations – Three-Dimensional Geometric and Modeling Transformations – Three- Dimensional Viewing – Color Models – Animation. Multimedia Systems: Multimedia Elements, Applications and Architecture – Evolving Technologies for Multimedia – Defining Objects for Multimedia Systems – Multimedia Data Interface Standards — Multimedia Databases. Compression and Decompression: Types of Compression – Binary Image Compression Schemes – Color, Gray Scale and Still – Video Image Compression - Audio Compression – Fractal Compression. Virtual Reality Design - Multimedia Database.

UNIT 9: SOFTWARE ENGINEERING S/W Engineering Paradigm — life cycle models (water fall, incremental, spiral, WINWIN spiral, evolutionary, prototyping, object oriented) - Project Management Concepts - Software Project Planning Risk analysis and management-project scheduling and tracking software quality assurance-Software configuration management, Requirement analysis - software prototyping — prototyping in the software process — rapid prototyping techniques, Design process and concepts - Real time systems - Real time software design- Software testing —Types of software testing — strategic approach and issues — Software Metrics.

UNIT 10: WEB TECHNOLOGIES Basic Web Concepts — World Wide Web- Web Servers —Web Browsers — URLMIME — HTTP—SGML- Internet Protocols and Standards. HTML Forms — CGI Concepts —Server — Browser Communication — E-Mail Generation— Applets - Java Script Programming-Dynamic HTML- ActiveX Controls-Multimedia-Client Side Script.- Server Side Scripting - Servlets- Java Server Pages - Session Management -Cookies -Database Access Through Web -SQL - Architecture for Database- System. E-Commerce —Business Models for E-Commerce-Enabling Technologies of the World Wide Web- E-Marketing-E-Security-E-Payment Systems-E-Customer Relationship Management.

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

UNIT 1: ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS Linear Algebra: Matrix algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors. Calculus: Functions of single variable, Limit, continuity and differentiability, Mean value theorems, Evaluation of definite and improper integrals, Partial derivatives, Total derivative, Maxima and minima, Gradient, Divergence and Curl, Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss and Green's theorems. Differential equations: First order equations (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, Cauchy’s and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Laplace transforms, Solutions of one dimensional heat and wave equations and Laplace equation. Probability and Statistics: Definitions of probability and sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and standard deviation, Random variables, Poisson, Normal and Binomial distributions. Numerical Methods: Numerical solutions of linear and non-linear algebraic equations Integration by trapezoidal and Simpson's rule, single and multi-step methods for differential equations.

UNIT 2: APPLIED MECHANICS AND STRENGTH OF MATERIALS Engineering Mechanics: Free body diagrams and equilibrium; trusses and frames; virtual work; kinematics and dynamics of particles and of rigid bodies in plane motion, including impulse and momentum (linear and angular) and energy formulations; impact. Strength of Materials: Stress and strain, stress-strain relationship and elastic constants, Mohr's circle for plane stress and plane strain, thin cylinders; shear force and bending moment diagrams; bending and shear stresses; deflection of beams; torsion of circular shafts; Euler's theory of columns; strain energy methods; thermal stresses.

UNIT 3: THEORY OF MACHINES AND DESIGN Theory of Machines: Displacement, velocity and acceleration analysis of plane mechanisms; dynamic analysis of slider-crank mechanism; gear trains; flywheels. Vibrations: Free and forced vibration of single degree of freedom systems; effect of damping; vibration isolation; resonance, critical speeds of shafts. Design of machine elements: Failure theories; principles of design of bolted, riveted and welded joints, shafts, spur gears, rolling and sliding contact bearings, brakes and clutches.

UNIT 4: FLUID MECHANICS AND HYDRAULIC MACHINERY Fluid Mechanics: Fluid properties; fluid statics, manometry, buoyancy; kinematics and dynamics of flow; Bernoulli's equation; viscous flow of incompressible fluids; boundary layer; elementary turbulent flow; flow through pipes, head losses. Hydraulic machines, Pelton-wheel, Francis and Kaplan turbines, velocity diagrams.

UNIT 5: HEAT TRANSFER Heat Transfer: Modes of heat transfer; one dimensional heat conduction, resistance concept, electrical analogy, unsteady heat conduction, fins; dimensionless parameters in free and forced convective heat transfer, various correlations for heat transfer in flow over flat plates and through pipes; thermal boundary layer; effect of turbulence; radiative heat transfer, black and grey surfaces, shape factors, network analysis; heat exchanger performance, LMTD and NTU methods.

UNIT 6: THERMODYNAMICS Thermodynamics: Zeroth, First and Second laws of thermodynamics; thermodynamic system and processes; Carnot cycle. irreversibility and availability; behaviour of ideal and real gases, properties of pure substances, calculation of work and heat in ideal processes; analysis of thermodynamic cycles related to energy conversion. Power Engineering: Steam Tables, Rankine, Brayton cycles with regeneration and reheat. I.C. Engines: air-standard Otto, Diesel cycles. Refrigeration and airconditioning: Vapour refrigeration cycle, heat pumps, gas refrigeration, Reverse Brayton cycle; moist air: psychrometric chart, basic psychrometric processes.

UNIT 7: MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING Engineering Materials: Structure and properties of engineering materials, heat treatment, stress-strain diagrams for engineering materials. Metal Casting: Design of patterns, moulds and cores; solidification and cooling; riser and gating design, design considerations. Forming: Plastic deformation and yield criteria; fundamentals of hot and cold working processes; load estimation for bulk (forging, rolling, extrusion, drawing) and sheet (shearing, deep drawing, bending) metal forming processes; principles of powder metallurgy. Joining: Physics of welding, brazing and soldering; adhesive bonding; design considerations in welding.

UNIT 8: MACHINING AND MACHINE TOOL OPERATIONS Machining and Machine Tool Operations: Mechanics of machining, single and multi-point cutting tools, tool geometry and materials, tool life and wear; economics of machining; principles of non-traditional machining processes; principles of work holding, principles of design of jigs and fixtures Metrology and Inspection: Limits, fits and tolerances; linear and angular measurements; comparators; gauge design; interferometry; form and finish measurement; alignment and testing methods; tolerance analysis in manufacturing and assembly. Computer Integrated Manufacturing: Basic concepts of CAD/CAM and their integration tools.

UNIT 9: PRODUCTION PLANNING AND CONTROL Production Planning and Control: Forecasting models, aggregate production planning, scheduling, materials requirement planning. Inventory Control: Deterministic and probabilistic models; safety stock inventory control systems.

UNIT 10: OPERATIONS RESEARCH Operations Research: Linear programming, simplex and duplex method, transportation, assignment, network flow models, simple queuing models, PERT and CPM.

PHYSICS

UNIT 1: MATHEMATICAL METHODS Differential Equations: recurrence formulae for Jn(x) - generating function for Jn(x) Hermite differential equation Hermite's polynomials – Generating function of Hermite polynomials Recurrence formulae for Hermite polynomials - Rodrigue's formula – Complex variables: analytic function - C-R differential equations - C-R equations in polar form –Laplace’s equation – examples - Cauchy's integral Theorem and formula - Taylor's series - Laurent's series - Singularities of an analysis function - Residues and their evaluation – Cauchy residue theorem - Evaluation of definite integrals (trigonometric functions of cos θ and sin θ only) Group theory : concept of a group - Abelian group – Generators of finite group - Cyclic groups Group multiplication table - Rearrangement theorem – Sub groups - Lagrange's theorem for finite group conjugate elements and classes - Group of symmetry of an equilateral triangle Group of symmetry of square – Representation of a group – Reducible and irreducible representation - Schur's lemmas - Orthogonality theorem - Tensor, beta and gamma functions: scalars, Contravariant and covariant vectors – Tensors of higher rank – Algebraic operation of tensors - Mixed tensor – Symmetric and anti-symmetric tensors – Quotient law - Beta and Gamma functions : Definitions - Symmetry property of Beta function – Other forms of Beta function - Evaluation of Gamma function – Other forms of Gamma function – Relation between Beta and Gamma functions - Examples.

UNIT 2: CLAASICAL MECHANICS AND RELATIVITY Lagrangian formulation: Generalized coordinates – Mechanics of a particle and system of particles (momentum and energy) D'Alemberts principle - Lagrange's equations – Applications (linear harmonic oscillator, simple pendulum isotropic oscillator and electrical circuit) Hamilton's equations - Applications (simple pendulum, compound pendulum and 20 harmonic oscillator) – Deduction of Hamilton's principle - Hamilton's variational principle – Principle of Least action. Canonical transformations : Equation of canonical transformations – Infinitesimal contact transformations – Lagrange and Poisson brackets as Canonical invariants – Equations of motion in Poisson bracket form - Jacobi's identity – Relation between Lagrange and Poisson brackets – Action angle variables - Euler's angles – Angular velocity of a rigid body - Euler's equation of motion – Relativity : Einstein's Mass – Energy relation – Relation between momentum and energy – Four vectors – Four velocity – Energy – Momentum four vectors – Four force Relativistic classification of particles – Relativistic Lagrangian, Hamilltonian function relativistic Lagrangian Hamiltonian of a charged particle in an E.M field.

UNIT 3: QUANTUM THEORY AND ITS APPLICATIONS General Principles of Quantum Mechanics: Wave packet – Time dependent and time independent Schrodinger equation - Linear vector space – Linear operator - Eigen function and Eigen values - Hermitian operator – Postulates of Quantum Mechanics – Simultaneous measurability of observables – General uncertainty relation - Dirac's notation – Applications : Square well potential with rigid walls and finite walls - Square potential barrier - Alpha emission – Bloch waves in a periodic potential – Kronig - Penny square-well periodic potential Linear harmonic oscillator: Schrodinger method - Operator method - Delta function - Particle moving in a spherically symmetric potential - System of two interacting particles – Rigid rotator Hydrogen atom - Hydrogen orbitals - Angular Momentum : The angular momentum operators Spin vectors for Spin-(1/2) system – Addition of angular momenta - Time independent and dependent Perturbation theory – Basic concepts – Non degenerate energy levels – Anharmonic oscillator: First-order correction – Ground state of Helium – Effect of electric field on the ground state of hydrogen - Transitions to continuum states – Absorption and emission radiation Einstein's A and B coefficients - Selection rules – Theory of Scattering : Scattering cross- section Scattering by a central potential : partial wave analysis - Significant number of partial waves Scattering by an attractive square - well potential - Breit-Wiger formula – Scattering length Expression for phase shifts – Integral equation – The Born approximation – Scattering by screened Coulomb potential - Validity of Born approximation – Laboratory and centre of mass co-ordinate system

UNIT 4: ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY Electrostatics – Electric charge – electric charge density - Coulomb's law – Electric intensity -Electric potential – Gauss law- Applications – Boundary value problems in electrostatics – Methods of separation variables in Cartesian co-ordinates. Magneto statics - Ampere's circuital law - Magnetic scalar potential – Magnetic vector potential – Magnetization and Magnetization current – Magnetic intensity – Magnetic susceptibility. Equation of continuity – Displacement current - Maxwell's equation – Derivations – energy in electromagnetic fields - (poynting's theorem). Maxwell's equation in terms of electromagnetic potentials – Concept of gauge-Lorentz gauge. Plane electromagnetic wave and their propagation – Interaction of electromagnetic wave with matter on microscopic scale. Retarded potentials - Radiation from a linear antenna.

UNIT 5: THERMODYNAMICS AND STATISTICAL MECHANICS Thermodynamics as phenomenological science – Thermodynamic systems - Closed, open, isolated systems – Thermodynamic processes - Adiabatic, isothermal, isochoric, isobaric, isentropic, cyclical and free expansion processes - Reversible, irreversible and Quasi-static processes – Equation of state – Intensive and extensive variables - The PV diagram. Conversion of work into heat and vice-versa – Efficiency - Kelvin-Planck statement of the second law of thermodynamics – Clausius statement of the second law – Carnot cycle – Carnot refrigerator - Carnot's theorem and corollary. Equation of state of a gas from Avogadro's law – Ideal gas equation – Specific heat, internal energy and enthalpy of an ideal gas – Entropy change of an ideal gas – Reversible adiabatic process - Reversible isothermal process. Concept of entropy – Entropy of an ideal gas – The TS diagram - Entropy, reversibility and irreversibility. Microstate and Macrostate of macroscopic system, Phase space and Phase space density, Liouville theorem. Canonical ensemble canonical partition function. – Grand canonical ensemble - Density operator, Spin statistics connection, Grand partition function for ideal Bose and Fermi gases, Bose-Einstein, Fermi-Dirac and Maxwell-Boltzmann distributions, Application to Black body radiation: Bose theory(a) Debye theory of specific heat(b) Bose-Einstein condensation – Phase transitions.

UNIT 6: Atomic and Molecular Physics Electromagnetic spectrum – Absorption or Emission of radiation - Line width - Natural line broadening – Doppler broadening – Pressure broadening - Removal of line broadening - X-ray Spectra – Emission and absorption spectra of X-rays. Regular and irregular doublet laws - X-ray satellites – Photoelectron spectroscopy - Ultraviolet photoelectron spectrometers – XPS techniques and Chemical information from photoelectron spectroscopy – Auger electron spectroscopy. Infrared Spectroscopy – Vibrational Energy of a Diatomic molecule - The Diatomic Vibrating Rotator - The Vibrations of Polyatomic molecules – Rotation – Vibration spectra of Polyatomic molecules – Analysis by Infra-red Techniques – IR spectrophotometer Fourier Transform - IR spectrophotometer – Applications - Frank-Condon principle and dissociation energy. Raman Spectroscopy – Theories of Raman scattering – Rotational Raman Spectra – Vibrational Raman Spectra – Mutual Exclusion principle – Raman Spectrometer Polarization of Raman Scattered light – Structural determination from Raman and IR spectroscopy - Near IR – FT- Raman spectroscopy. Laser Spectroscopy - Basic principles: Comparison between conventional light sources and lasers – Saturation - Excitation methods – Detection methods – Laser Wavelength Setting – Doppler Limited Techniques. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy - Basic principles – Magnetic resonance – Relaxation processes – Pulsed (Fourier Transform) NMR - Wide line NMR spectrometers – Spectra and molecular structure – Chemical shifts - Spin-spin coupling – Integration - Applications. - Principles of Mossbauer spectroscopy – Chemical shifts – Quadrupole splitting and Zeeman splitting. Applications of Mossbauer spectroscopy.

UNIT 7: CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS Elements of X-ray Crystallography and defects in solids – Miller indices – Point groups - Space group – Reciprocal lattice - Bragg's law interpretation – Structure factor - Fcc and Bcc structures – Electron density distribution experimental techniques for crystal structure studies (powder, Laue, rotation crystal method) – Electron and neutron diffraction methods – Point defects - Color centres – Line defects – Edge dislocation – Screw dislocation – Dislocation method. Semiconductors – Intrinsic semiconductor and extrinsic semiconductor - Mobility, drift velocity and conductivity of intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors – Carrier concentration in intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors - Band model. Magnetic properties – Magnetic permeability – Theory of diamagnetism - Langevin's theory of paramagnetism – Weiss theory – Paramagnetic susceptibility of a solid – Calculation of susceptibility – Quantum theory of paramagnetism determination of susceptibility – Para and diamagnetic materials - Ferromagnetism Spontaneous magnetism in ferromagnetism - Curie-Weiss law – Ferromagnetic domains - domain theory Antiferromagnetism - Structure of ferrites- Dielectric properties - Microscopic concepts of polarization - Langevin's theory of polarization in polar dielectrics - Local fields in liquids and solids – Evaluation of local fields for cubic structure – Clausius – Mossotti relation - Lorentz formula - Ferroelectricity - Dipole theory of ferroelectricity – Classification of ferroelectric materials – Antiferroelectricity - Piezoelectricity - The complex dielectric constant and dielectric loss.

UNIT 8: NUCLEAR AND P ARTICLE PHYSICS Elements of nuclear Structure and Systematics : Theories of nuclear composition (proton-electron theory, proton-neutron theory) – Mass spectroscopy – Bainbridge and Jordan mass spectrograph - Nier's mass spectrometer – Deuteron – Magnetic and quadra pole moment of deuteron - Ground state of deuteron – Excited state of deuteron - The meson theory of nuclear force - Yukawa potential – Properties of Stable Nuclei and Nuclei models - Semi empirical mass formula - Nuclear models - Shell models –Magic numbers – Single particle model – Collective model – liquid drop model - Magnetic moments and shell model – Prediction of angular momenta of nuclear ground state - Nuclear Reaction Studies. Conservation laws for nuclear reactions – Nuclear energy - Photo nuclear reaction – fission process – cross sections – Bohr Wheeler theory - Elementary Particles – Classification of elementary particles – Fundamental interactions - Electromagnetic, strong, weak gravitational interactions - Parameters of elementary particles - Conservation laws – Quarks theory.

UNIT 9: ELECTRONICS Semiconductor Diodes: Operation, characteristics and applications of Zener and Avalanche, Varactor, Schottky - barrier, Tunnel diodes; Construction, operation and Characteristics of BJT, FET and MOSFET-FET amplifier – Negative Resistance and Devices -Uni-Junction transistor and its characteristics - UJT relaxation oscillator - UJT applications - Tunnel diode characteristics and applications - Gunn Diode mechanism – Characteristics and applications SCR - characteristics and applications. IC-Fabrication Technology – Monolithic IC process refining and growth of silicon crystals - Silicon Wafer – Operational Amplifier – Characteristics of ideal and practical Op Amps – Parameters of Op Amp – Theory of inverting amplifier – virtual ground - Theory of non-inverting amplifier – Sinusoidal oscillators – Phase shift oscillator - Wein Bridge oscillator – Crystal oscillator – Multi vibrator – Comparator – Schmitt trigger - Square wave and triangular wave generators – Active filters – Digital Electronics Fundamentals – Number systems - Binary arithmetic – 8421 code-excess – grey code –ASCII code – Logic gates and logic circuits - Boolean algebra – De Morgan's theorems – Arithmetic circuits – Simplification using Karnaugh's map - problems.

UNIT 10: EXPERIMENTAL PHYSICS Measurement of energy and time using electronic signals from the detectors and associated instrumentation – Signal processing – A/D conversion – Multichannel analyzers – Time-of-flight Technique – Coincidence Measurements – True to chance ratio – Correlation studies. Error Analysis and Hypothesis testing – Propagation of errors - Plotting of Graph – Distributions - Least squares fitting – Criteria for goodness of fits – Chi square test - Measurement of fundamental constants : e,h,c - Measurement of high and low resistances, inductance and capacitance - Detection of X-rays, Gamma rays, charged particles, neutrons - Ionization chamber – Proportional counter – GM counter – Scintillation detectors – Solid State detectors - Vacuum Techniques – Basic idea of conductance, pumping speed – Pumps : Mechanical Pump - Diffusion pump – Gauges – Thermocouple gauge – Penning gauge – Pirani gauge – Hot Cathode gauge - Low temperature systems - Cooling a sample over a range up to 4 K - Measurement of low temperatures.